|
Non-Replicated Study
|
Date
|
Location
|
Cultural
System
|
Vitazyme/Fertilization
|
Results
|
|
1997
|
Kerman,
California
|
Variety:
Thompson seedless, for raisins
Maturity:
mature vines
Soil
type: sandy loam
Vine
spacing: 12 ft x 7 ft
Irrigation:
all rows were drip irrigated
|
Vitazyme
application:
Modoc
Farm: Vitazyme at 13 oz/acre on the root zone on April
7; at 13 oz/acre, applied foliar on May 14; again at 13
oz/acre, applied foliar on July 28
Church
Farm: Vitazyme applied to the root zone at 13 oz/acre on
April 6, and again at 13 oz/acre applied foliar on May 14
Floyd
Farm: Vitazyme at 13 oz/acre applied foliar on July 28
|
Modoc
Farm
Grape
yield:
Control:
3.35 tons/acre
Vitazyme: 4.43 tons/acre (+32%)
Increase
in grade:
+1.2
points
Increase
in Brix (sugar):
+1.5
percentage points
Income
increase:
+$972/acre
Church
Farm
Estimated
yield increase*:
+1,500 lb/acre
*Based
on bin filling
Increase
in Brix (sugar):
+0.9
percentage points
Reduction
in substandard fruit*:
Control:
4.1%
Vitazyme: 2.6% (+1.5 percentage points)
*Mostly
from immature grapes
Estimated
income increase:
+$675.00/acre
Floyd
Farm
Estimated
yield increase*:
+500 lb/acre
*Based
on bin filling
Increase
in Brix (sugar):
+0.5
percentage point
Estimated
income increase:
+$225.00/acre
 |
|
Fertilization:
Modoc
Farm: Nitrogen (75 lb/acre UN 32), and Tracite (1
qt/acre 0-0-15) applied to the root zone on April 7; Bayfolan (2
pt/acre), and wettable S (3 lb/acre) appled foliar on May 14;
Tracite (1 qt/acre 6% Ca), applied foliar on July 28
Church
Farm: Bayfolan (2 pt/acre), and wettable S (3 lb/acre)
appled foliar on May 14
Floyd
Farm: none
|
Non-Replicated
Study
|
Date
|
Location
|
Cultural
System
|
Vitazyme/Fertilization
|
Results
|
|
1997
|
Kerman,
California
|
Variety:
Thompson seedless, for raisins
Maturity:
mature vines
Soil
type:
sandy loam
Planting
date: 12 x 7 ft
Irrigation:
all rows were drip irrigated
|
Vitazyme
application: (1) Vitazyme at 13 oz/acre on March 28,
with a 12-inch-wide band sprayed alongside the row berm. (2)
Vitazyme at 13 oz/acre on May 24, 1997, to the foliage.
|
Test
1
Raisin
yield:
Control:
3,788 lb/acre
Vitazyme: 4,323/acre (+14%)
Raisin
grade:
Control:
55.600
Vitazyme: 59.475 (+3.875 points)
Reduction
in substandards:
+1.4
points
Income
increase:
+$284.74/acre
Test
2
Raisin
yield:
Control:
3,685 lb/acre
Vitazyme: 3,813/acre (+3.4%)
Reduction
in substandards:
+3.05
points
Income
increase:
+$109.93/acre
|
|
Fertilization:
Both the Vitazyme and control treatments were fertilized the same for
each field.
|
Non-Replicated
Study
|
Date
|
Location
|
Cultural
System
|
Vitazyme/Fertilization
|
Results
|
|
1998
|
Kerman,
California
|
Variety:
Thompson seedless (for raisins)
Maturity:
mature vines (about ten years old)
Soil
type:
sandy loam
Vine
spacing:
12 ft x 7 ft
Irrigation:
all rows were drip irrigated
Harvest:
All grapes were harvested by hand and placed on trays between the rows
for drying.
|
Vitazyme
application: (1) 13 oz/acre were sprayed on the vines at
match-head size, about a week after bloom the first part of June.
(2) 13 oz/acre were sprayed on the vines at berry softening, in early
July.
|
Raisin
yield:
Control:
3,735 lb/acre
Vitazyme: 4,302 lb/acre (+15%)
Income
increase:
+$364.01/acre
|
|
Fertilization:
All areas received 20 gal/acre of CAN-17 (calcium ammonium nitrate
with 17% N, giving about 37 lb/acre N) and "liquid
potassium" (amount unknown) injected into the root zone about
June 8, 1998. No other fertilizers were applied.
|
Testimonial
|
Date
|
Location
|
Cultural
System
|
Vitazyme/Fertilization
|
Results
|
|
1999
|
Snelling,
California
|
Variety:
unknown (wine grapes)
Irrigation:
all rows were drip irrigated
|
Vitazyme
application: 13 oz/acre through the drip system three
times during the growing season
|
Comments:
The
Vitazyme treated block was ready for harvest before the other blocks.
Vitazyme
built Brix (sugar content) 30 days sooner than the untreated block.
Unfortunately, no yield data were kept.
|
|
Fertilization:
unknown
|
Non-Replicated
Study
|
Date
|
Location
|
Cultural
System
|
Vitazyme/Fertilization
|
Results
|
|
1999
|
Kerman,
California
|
Variety:
Thompson seedless (for raisins)
Maturity:
mature vines (about ten years old)
Soil
type:
sandy loam
Vine
spacing:
12 ft x 7 ft
Irrigation:
all rows were drip irrigated
Harvest:
All grapes were harvested by hand and placed on trays between the rows
for drying.
|
Vitazyme
application: (1) 13 oz/acre were sprayed on the vines at
match-head size, about two weeks after bloom the first part of June.
(2) 13 oz/acre were sprayed on the vines at softening, in early July.
|
Raisin
yield:
Control:
4,504 lb/acre
Vitazyme: 4,762 lb/acre (+6%)
Income
increase:
+$157.38/acre
|
|
Fertilization:
All areas received 20 gal/acre of CAN-17 (calcium ammonium nitrate
with 17% N, giving about 37 lb/acre N) and "liquid
potassium" (amount unknown) injected into the root zone in early
June. No other fertilizers were applied.
|
Non-Replicated
Study
|
Date
|
Location
|
Cultural
System
|
Vitazyme/Fertilization
|
Results
|
|
1999
|
Kerman,
California
|
Variety:
Thompson seedless (for raisins)
Maturity:
mature vines (about ten years old)
Soil
type:
sandy loam
Vine
spacing:
12 ft x 7 ft
Irrigation:
all rows were drip irrigated
Harvest:
All grapes were harvested by hand and placed on trays between the rows
for drying.
|
Vitazyme
application: (1) 13 oz/acre were sprayed on the vines at
match-head size, about two weeks after bloom the first part of June.
(2) 13 oz/acre were sprayed on the vines at softening, in early July.
|
Raisin
yield:
Control:
4,742 lb/acre
Vitazyme: 5,174 lb/acre (+9%)
Income
increase:
+$263.52/acre
|
|
Fertilization:
All areas received 20 gal/acre of CAN-17 (calcium ammonium nitrate
with 17% N, giving about 37 lb/acre N) and "liquid
potassium" (amount unknown) injected into the root zone in early
June. No other fertilizers were applied.
|
Replicated
Study
|
Date
|
Location
|
Cultural
System
|
Vitazyme/Fertilization
|
Results
|
|
2000
|
Kerman,
California
|
Variety:
Thompson seedless (new planting)
Planting
date: new canes the winter of 1999/2000
Irrigation:
all rows were drip irrigated
|
Vitazyme
application: 0.15 oz per gallon of water; about
July 15 and August 10, along with the fulvic acid; one gallon
per vine
|
Leaf
chlorophyll:
Control:
35.8 SPAD units
Vitazyme: 38.7 SPAD units (+2.9 SPAD units)
Branch
length:
Control:
69.3 cm
Vitazyme: 153.8 cm* (+122%)
*Significantly
greater than the control at P=0.11 (Bartlett's Test).
Number
of new branches:
Control:
3.25
Vitazyme: 9.75* (+200%)
*Significantly
greater than the control at P=0.10 (Tukey's Test).
|
|
Fertilization:
0.15 oz of fulvic acid per gallon of water, along with Vitazyme, about
July 15 and August 10; one gallon per vine
|
Non-Replicated
Study
|
Date
|
Location
|
Cultural
System
|
Vitazyme/Fertilization
|
Results
|
|
2000
|
Fowler,
California
|
Variety:
Thompson seedless (for raisins)
Vine
age: mature vines
Soil
type:
sandy loam
Vine
spacing:
12 ft between rows, 7 ft in the rows
Trellis
system: overhead
Irrigation:
drip system, at 12 gal/plant three times weekly
|
Vitazyme
application: (1) 13 oz/acre foliar 10 days after
blossom; (2) 13 oz/acre foliar at berry softening
|
Grape
yield:
Control:
9.97 tons/acre
Vitazyme: 13.56 tons/acre (+36%)
Grape
density:
Control:
1,069 average lb/bin
Vitazyme: 1,101.6 average lb/bin (+3%)
Gross
income:
Control:
$797.60/acre
Vitazyme: $1,084.80/acre (+$287.20/acre)
|
|
Fertilization:
40 lb/acre N/acre (as UN-32) through the drip system early in the
season, and 20 lb N/acre (as Ca-NH4NO3) and
soluble K through the drip system at berry softening
|
Non-Replicated
Study
|
Date
|
Location
|
Cultural
System
|
Vitazyme/Fertilization
|
Results
|
|
2001
|
Reedley,
California
|
Variety:
Ruby seedless
Vine
age: established
Soil
type:
clay loam
Vine
spacing:
12 ft between rows, 8 ft in the rows
Trellis
system: standard T-bar
|
Vitazyme
application: The end of the drip line was disconnected
and attached to a hose from a sprayer tank. The 100 gallons of
Vitazyme solution were applied in the row under 50 psi. A 13
oz/acre rate was applied, or 1.6 oz in the 100 gallons, on April 23,
2001.
|
[All
organism determinations were made at the Soil Foodweb Laboratory,
Corvallis, Oregon. Sampling date: June 18, 2001.]
Active
bacterial biomass:
Control:
14.4 µg/g
Vitazyme: 17.7 µg/g (+23%)
Total
bacterial biomass:
Control:
193 µg/g
Vitazyme: 176 µg/g
Active
fungal biomass:
Control:
22.1 µg/g
Vitazyme: 61.5 µg/g (+178%)
Total
fungal biomass:
Control:
25 µg/g
Vitazyme: 128 µg/g (+412%)
Hyphal
diameter:
Control:
2.5 µm
Vitazyme: 2.5 µm
Nematodes
per gram:
Control:
0.07/gram
Vitazyme: 0.21/gram
Ratio
of total fungal to total bacterial biomass
Control:
0.13
Vitazyme: 0.73 (good improvement)
Ratio
of active fungal to active bacterial biomass
Control:
0.89
Vitazyme: 0.48 (good improvement)
Ratio
of active to total bacterial biomass
Control:
0.07
Vitazyme: 0.10 (good
improvement)
|
|
Fertilization:
unknown
|
Non-Replicated
Study
|
Date
|
Location
|
Cultural
System
|
Vitazyme/Fertilization
|
Results
|
|
2001
|
Reedley,
California
|
Variety:
Ruby seedless
Vine
age: established
Soil
type:
clay loam
Vine
spacing:
12 ft between rows, 8 ft in the rows
Trellis
system: standard T-bar
|
Vitazyme
application: The end of the drip line was disconnected
and attached to a hose from a sprayer tank. The 100 gallons of
Vitazyme solution were applied in the row under 50 psi. A 13
oz/acre rate was applied, or 1.6 oz in the 100 gallons, on April 23,
2001.
|
[All
organism determinations were made at BBC Laboratories, Inc., Tempe,
Arizona. Sampling date: June 18, 2001.]
Aerobic
heterophobic plate count* (colony forming units):
Control:
25.0/gram of dry sample x 106
Vitazyme: 6.6/gram of dry sample x 106 (-74%)
*A
modified version from Methods of Soil Analysis, Second Edition,
ASA and SSSA; 37-5.2
Anaerobic
bacteria* (colony forming units):
Control:
1.0/gram of dry sample x 107
Vitazyme: 1.5/gram of dry sample x 107 (+50%)
*A
modified version from Methods of Soil Analysis, Second Edition,
ASA and SSSA; 37-5.2
Yeasts
and molds* (colony forming units):
Control:
4.5/gram of dry sample x 104
Vitazyme: 4.1/gram of dry sample x 104 (-9%)
*A
modified version from Methods of Soil Analysis, Second Edition,
ASA and SSSA; 37-8.1.2
Actinomycetes*
(colony forming units):
Control:
4.9/gram of dry sample x 103
Vitazyme: 11.0/gram of dry sample x 103 (+124%)
*A
modified version from Methods of Soil Analysis, Second Edition,
ASA and SSSA; 37-8.1.3
Pseudomonads*
(colony forming units):
Control:
17.0/gram of dry sample x 104
Vitazyme: 5.4/gram of dry sample x 104 (-68%)
*A
modified version from Methods of Soil Analysis, Second Edition,
ASA and SSSA; 37-8.1.3
Nitrogen-fixing
bacteria* (colony forming units):
Control:
3.7/gram of dry sample x 103
Vitazyme: 20.0/gram of dry sample x 103 (-441%)
*A
modified version from Methods of Soil Analysis, Second Edition,
ASA and SSSA; 37-8.1.3
|
|
Fertilization:
unknown
|
Non-Replicated
Study
|
Date
|
Location
|
Cultural
System
|
Vitazyme/Fertilization
|
Results
|
|
2001
|
Gonzales,
California
|
Variety:
Pinot Noir (wine grapes)
Vine
age: mature
Soil
type:
sandy, very poor fertility
Vine
spacing:
12 ft between rows, 7 ft in the rows
Trellis
system: vertical post and wire
Irrigation:
drip
|
Vitazyme
application: Fall of 1999, Vitazyme at 13 oz/acre, fish
at the recommended rate, and H2O2; spring of
2000, Vitazyme at 13 oz/acre; midseason in 2000, Vitazyme at 13
oz/acre. All materials were applied through the drip irrigation
system.
|
Grape
yield:
Control:
0.5 tons/acre*
Vitazyme: 4.5 tons/acre
*This
value was the expected yield for the area based on harvest data from
the previous few years.
|
|
Fertilization:
unknown
|
Non-Replicated
Study
|
Date
|
Location
|
Cultural
System
|
Vitazyme/Fertilization
|
Results
|
|
2003
|
Madera,
California
|
Variety:
Thompson seedless (for raisins)
Soil
type:
variable: very sandy to light clay
Harvest
date: December 10, 2003
|
Vitazyme
application: Vitazyme was applied to the leaves of the
grapes by an air-blast sprayer four times at 2 weeks before bloom, at
bloom with gibberelins, at BB-sized fruit, and at verasion. The
third spray also received a Tulare Ag products combination of
potassium, calcium, and boron.
Ethrel
application: Ethrel [(2-Chloroethyl) phosphonic acid],
also known as Ethephon, is a synthetic plant growth regulator that
releases ethylene into the plant system. The effect of ethylene
is to hasten sugar production so one can harvest earlier, or get more
total sugar into the grapes. The product was sprayed on four
times, the same times that the Vitazyme was applied.
|
Grape
sugar content:
There
was little difference in the sugar content of the grapes for the two
treatments throughout the growing season.
Gross
raisin yield:
Control:
6,114.3 lb/acre
Vitazyme: 7,114.3 lb/acre (+16%)
Net
raisin yield:
Control:
5,054.4 lb/acre
Vitazyme: 5,355.0 lb/acre (+16%)
|
|
Fertilization:
nothing in addition to adequate N, P, and K from well water
|
Non-Replicated
Study (Year 2 of a Multi-Year Study)
|
Date
|
Location
|
Cultural
System
|
Vitazyme/Fertilization
|
Results
|
|
2004
|
Madera,
California
|
Variety:
Thompson seedless (for raisins)
Soil
type:
variable: very sandy to light clay
Harvest
date: 80% completed on August 21, and 100% completed on
August 28
|
Vitazyme
application: Vitazyme was applied to the leaves of the
grapes by an air-blast sprayer four times at 13 oz/acre each time, at
pre-bloom cluster stretch, at post-bloom berry set with gibberelins,
at berry softening, and 14 to 21 days before harvest. The third
spray also received a Tulare Ag products combination of potassium,
calcium, and boron.
Ethrel
application: Ethrel [(2-Chloroethyl) phosphonic acid],
also known as Ethephon, is a synthetic plant growth regulator that
releases ethylene into the plant system. The effect of ethylene
is to hasten sugar production so harvest can occur earlier, and more
total sugars accumulate in the grapes. The product was sprayed
once, on June 18 at berry softening
|
Grape
sugar content:
Grape
sugar at season's end was the highest for the Vitazyme plus Tulare Ag
Products treatments.
Control:
21.52
Ethrel:
21.62
Vitazyme
+ K: 22.30 (+0.78 percentage point)
Vitazyme + K + Ethrel: 21.12
Net
raisin yield:
Control:
4,007 lb/acre
Ethrel:
4,757 lb/acre (+19%)
Vitazyme
+ K: 5,854 lb/acre (+46%)
Vitazyme + K + Ethrel: 5,220 lb/acre (+30%)
|
|
Fertilization:
nothing in addition to adequate N, P, and K from well water
|
Non-Replicated
Study
|
Date
|
Location
|
Cultural
System
|
Vitazyme/Fertilization
|
Results
|
|
2004
|
San
Miguel, California
|
Variety:
Cabernet Sauvignon (for wine)
Soil
type:
loam, high-calcium subsoil, low organic matter
Row
spacing:
12 feet between rows, 6 feet in-row
Grafting:
none (self rooted)
Irrigation:
drip
Bunch
thinning:
none
Grape
plant age: 4 years (first harvest)
Harvest
date: September 25, 2004
|
Vitazyme
application: (1) 13 oz/acre with 9-18-9 fertilizer
sprayed at bud break; (2) 13 oz/acre with 9-18-9 fertilizer + sulfur
sprayed at BB-sized fruit; (3) 13 oz/acre with 9-18-9 fertilizer +
sulfur sprayed at verasion
|
Leaf
chlorophyll (average of 30 leaves):
Control:
44.7 SPAD units
Vitazyme:
47.7 SPAD units (+3.0 SPAD units)
Grape
yield:
Control:
600 lb/16 plants
Vitazyme:
877 lb/16 plants (+46%)
Grape
income:
+$216.75/acre
Grape
quality
differed little between the treated and control grapes, as evidenced
below, despite a much higher (46%) fruit load on the Vitazyme treated
grapes.
Color
density (absorbance units):
Control:
7.18
Vitazyme:
6.14
Total
phenolics (absorbance units):
Control:
29.55
Vitazyme:
26.56
Anthocyanins:
Control:
241 ppm
Vitazyme:
231 ppm
GF
(absorbance units):
Control:
181
Vitazyme:
176
Brix:
Control:
26.7
Vitazyme:
25.6
Density
(absorbance units):
Control:
1.108
Vitazyme:
1.104
Potential
alcohol:
Control:
14.7 ppm
Vitazyme:
14.1 ppm
Total
acidity:
Control:
0.51 gtar/100 ml
Vitazyme:
0.52 gtar/100 ml
pH:
Control:
3.70
Vitazyme:
3.73
Ammonia
(NH3):
Control:
81 ppm
Vitazyme:
90 ppm
Amino
acids:
Control:
165 ppm
Vitazyme:
152 ppm
Yeast
active nitrogen:
Control:
246 ppm
Vitazyme:
242 ppm
Malic
acid:
Control:
0.81 grams/liter
Vitazyme:
1.19 grams/liter
Tartaric
acid:
Control:
4.99 grams/liter
Vitazyme:
4.71 grams/liter
Potassium:
Control:
1,509 ppm
Vitazyme:
1,455 ppm
Wine
quality:
Wine was made from each lot of grapes, and each lot will be judged for
quality during the next year.
|
|
Fertilization:
20 lb/acre (NH4)2SO4 broadcast in March before bud break; 9-18-9 or
3-18-18 (+ micronutrients) applied every two to three weeks at 2 to 3
gallons/acre during much of the growing season, usually with sulfur
after verasion; a blue-green algae solution applied in the irrigation
water periodically
|
|
